In the early 20th century, the Ottoman Empire, given the vastness and diversity of its territories, was in need of a modern and developed transportation network. In particular, the construction of a railway line connecting the capital, Istanbul, to the important commercial centers of Baghdad and Hijaz was of great importance both for economic development and political unity.
Collaboration Between Two Empires
In this context, an agreement was signed between the Ottoman Empire and the German Empire in 1903. The agreement covered the construction and operation of the Istanbul-Baghdad-Hijaz Railway. One of the most challenging sections of the line was the Varda Valley, located at the foothills of the Taurus Mountains, where the Seyhan River flows. In this valley, the height of the river and the rugged terrain posed a major obstacle for the railway line.
A Product of Engineering Genius: To overcome this challenge, a team was assigned, including one of the most respected engineers of the time, Gustav Eiffel. Eiffel was an engineer specialized in iron and steel constructions, who had previously designed iconic structures such as the Eiffel Tower. The team meticulously studied the geographical conditions and geological structure of the Varda Valley and decided that it was possible to build a railway bridge there.
Construction of the Bridge
The construction of the bridge began in 1907 and continued for 5 years without interruption. During the construction, hundreds of workers and engineers worked with great dedication despite the difficult terrain and unfavorable weather conditions. The “steel truss” method, a new technique at the time, was used to create the bridge’s load-bearing system. This technique gave the bridge both strength and flexibility.
Technical Specifications of the Bridge: Varda Viaduct is 172 meters long and 99 meters high. It has 5 main spans and 4 main piers and is a masonry structure. The bridge piers are reinforced with steel supports and covered with stone masonry.
Historical Significance
Varda Viaduct is of great importance not only from an engineering perspective but also from a historical one. The construction of the bridge is a testament to the Ottoman Empire’s efforts for modernization and development. It is also a symbol of cooperation and technology transfer between two empires.
Varda Viaduct Today
Varda Viaduct remains active in modern times. Trains operating on the Istanbul-Baghdad-Hijaz Railway continue their journeys by passing over this bridge. Moreover, the bridge attracts tourists with its magnificent scenery. Visitors can enjoy the view or take photos by walking on the bridge.
The Value of Varda Viaduct
Varda Viaduct goes beyond being a mere railway bridge; it is a marvel of engineering, a historical heritage, and a tourist attraction. The bridge has become a significant symbol of Adana and Turkey, representing a value that must be preserved for future generations.
Interesting Facts about Varda Viaduct:
- At the time of its construction, it was the highest railway bridge in Europe.
- Over 400 workers were involved in the construction of the bridge.
- The bridge has also been featured in several movies and TV series.
- A monument with information about the bridge’s history can be found in the park next to Varda Viaduct.
Getting to Varda Viaduct:
Varda Viaduct is approximately 64 kilometers away from Adana city center by road. It is possible to reach the bridge from Karaisalı district by minibus or taxi.
Visiting Varda Viaduct:
Visiting Varda Viaduct is free of charge. Access to the bridge is open 24 hours a day. Visitors can enjoy the view, take photos, or have a picnic by walking on the bridge.
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